The Cybernetics Moment: Or Why We Call Our Age the Information Age (New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History), by Ronald R. Kline
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The Cybernetics Moment: Or Why We Call Our Age the Information Age (New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History), by Ronald R. Kline
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Cybernetics―the science of communication and control as it applies to machines and to humans―originates from efforts during World War II to build automatic anti-aircraft systems. Following the war, this science extended beyond military needs to examine all systems that rely on information and feedback, from the level of the cell to that of society. In The Cybernetics Moment, Ronald R. Kline, a senior historian of technology, examines the intellectual and cultural history of cybernetics and information theory, whose language of "information," "feedback," and "control" transformed the idiom of the sciences, hastened the development of information technologies, and laid the conceptual foundation for what we now call the Information Age.
Kline argues that, for about twenty years after 1950, the growth of cybernetics and information theory and ever-more-powerful computers produced a utopian information narrative―an enthusiasm for information science that influenced natural scientists, social scientists, engineers, humanists, policymakers, public intellectuals, and journalists, all of whom struggled to come to grips with new relationships between humans and intelligent machines.
Kline traces the relationship between the invention of computers and communication systems and the rise, decline, and transformation of cybernetics by analyzing the lives and work of such notables as Norbert Wiener, Claude Shannon, Warren McCulloch, Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Herbert Simon. Ultimately, he reveals the crucial role played by the cybernetics moment―when cybernetics and information theory were seen as universal sciences―in setting the stage for our current preoccupation with information technologies.
The Cybernetics Moment: Or Why We Call Our Age the Information Age (New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History), by Ronald R. Kline- Amazon Sales Rank: #359736 in Books
- Published on: 2015-06-04
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.10" w x 6.00" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 352 pages
Review
The Cybernetics Moment relies on a deep and thorough mining of primary historical sources, coupled with a broad and contextual review of the secondary historical literature and an appropriate level of attention to related popular culture narratives. With both a historian's attention to detail and contingency and a sociologist's understanding of discourse and meaning, Kline demonstrates in this rich story that there is more than we thought behind the decades-long adoption of computational models, techniques, and visions by the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities.
(Gregory J. Downey, University of Wisconsin–Madison, author of Closed Captioning: Subtitling, Stenography, and the Digital Convergence of Text with Television)Nowhere in the burgeoning secondary literature on cybernetics in the last two decades is there a concise history of cybernetics, the science of communication and control that helped usher in the current information age in America. Nowhere, that is, until now... Readers have in The Cybernetics Moment the first authoritative history of American cybernetics.
(Information & Culture)[The Cybernetics Moment] is an extremely interesting and stimulating history of the concepts of cybernetics... This is a book for everyone to read, relish, and think about.
(Choice)As a whole, the book presents a comprehensive in-depth retrospective analysis of the contribution of the American scientific school to the making, formation, and development of cybernetics and information theory. An unquestionable advantage of the book is the skillful use of numerous bibliographic sources by the author that reflect the scientific, engineering, and social significance of the questions being considered, competition of ideas and developments, and also interrelations between scientists.
(Cybernetics and System Anaysis)Dr. Kline is perhaps uniquely situated to take on so large and complicated topic as cybernetics... Readers unfamiliar with Wiener and his work are well advised to start with this well-written and thorough book. Those who are already familiar will still find much that is new and informative in the thorough research and reasoned interpretations.
(IEEE History Center)With The Cybernetics Moment Kline has written the most comprehensive intellectual history of cybernetics in Cold War America.
(Journal of American History)About the Author
Ronald R. Kline is the Bovay Professor in History and Ethics of Engineering at Cornell University. He is the author of Steinmetz: Engineer and Socialist and Consumers in the Country: Technology and Social Change in Rural America.
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Most helpful customer reviews
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful. How cybernetics "ended" in the U.S. but continued elsewhere By Stuart Umpleby Ronald Kline provides an excellent history of the fields of cybernetics and information science in the U.S. since the late 1940s. He provides profiles of people and summaries of discussions at the Macy Foundation meetings and elsewhere. His focus is on the larger discussion in the public discourse and the various terms used: cybernetics, information science, a post-industrial society, information management, artificial intelligence, etc. He notes that over time the simpler metaphor was chosen. Information is now widely interpreted as something that goes in, is processed or stored and goes out. The more complicated conception of circularity, regulation, communication and control ceased to be used, except in the smaller field of system dynamics.Kline is certainly right that the term cybernetics is now very rarely used in the U.S. and few people know what it means. It is ironic that professional people now spend several hours each day in cyberspace and cybersecurity is a major concern domestically and internationally but most people do not know that a science of cybernetics exists. However, the American Society for Cybernetics has been holding annual meetings since the early 1960s and can easily be found on the internet.Kline suggests that the cybernetics moment ended in the mid 1970s. That was when the term second order cybernetics was introduced. This term marked a major shift of emphasis in cybernetics from technical applications to the biology of cognition and its philosophical implications. It does seem odd to say that cybernetics “ended” with the introduction of second order cybernetics. Physics did not end with the creation of quantum mechanics. Biology did not end with Darwin’s theory of evolution. The closest Kline comes to explaining second order cybernetics is to refer to “Bateson’s complicated philosophy.”So, it seems that another book is needed to go deeper in explaining the evolution of cybernetics and why this body of thought has influenced so many fields: engineering, biology, psychology, management, political science, sociology, and philosophy to name a few. It is also interesting to reflect on why cybernetics has continued to grow steadily in Europe and other countries but has “ended” only in the U.S. That story reveals a dramatic difference in the views of philosophy in the U.S. and Europe.Until those books are written, Kline’s book provides a detailed and careful introduction to a fascinating chapter in U.S. intellectual history. Raw material and first drafts of the books to come can be found via the website of the American Society for Cybernetics, www.asc-cybernetics.org and the Viennese publisher Echoraum, http://www.echoraum.at/edition/wisdomechoraum.htm.
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